v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Avenged (&unr_;); p. pr. & vb. n. Avenging (&unr_;). ] [ OF. avengier; L. ad + vindicare to lay claim to, to avenge, revenge. See Vengeance. ] 1. To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer. [ 1913 Webster ]

He will avenge the blood of his servants. Deut. xxxii. 43. [ 1913 Webster ]

Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones
Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

He had avenged himself on them by havoc such as England had never before seen. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Thy judgment in avenging thine enemies. Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- To Avenge, Revenge. To avenge is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; as, to avenge one's wrongs; to avenge the injuries of the suffering and innocent. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To revenge is to inflict pain or injury for the indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human character. [ 1913 Webster ]

I avenge myself upon another, or I avenge another, or I avenge a wrong. I revenge only myself, and that upon another. C. J. Smith. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To take vengeance. Levit. xix. 18. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Vengeance; revenge. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Vengeance. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Vengeful. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken. [ R. ] Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. One who avenges or vindicates; as, an avenger of blood. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who takes vengeance. [ Obs. ] Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A female avenger. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, OF. chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation, contest, fr. L. calumnia false accusation, chicanery. See Calumny. ] 1. An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons. [ 1913 Webster ]

A challenge to controversy. Goldsmith. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A claim or demand. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

There must be no challenge of superiority. Collier. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. Blackstone [ 1913 Webster ]

6. An exception to a person as not legally qualified to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [ U. S. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Challenge to the array (Law), an exception to the whole panel. --
Challenge to the favor, the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to decide upon it. --
Challenge to the polls, an exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors returned. --
Peremptory challenge, a privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States) without assigning any cause. --
Principal challenge, that which the law allows to be sufficient if found to be true. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Challenged p. pr. & vb. n. Challenging. ] [ OE. chalengen to accuse, claim, OF. chalengier, chalongier, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L. calumniar to attack with false accusations. See Challenge, n., and cf. Calumniate. ] 1. To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy. [ 1913 Webster ]

I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by right of fatherhood. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal combat. [ 1913 Webster ]

By this I challenge him to single fight. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To claim as due; to demand as a right. [ 1913 Webster ]

Challenge better terms. Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To censure; to blame. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them. Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Mil.) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the sentinel challenged us, with “Who comes there?” [ 1913 Webster ]

6. To take exception to; question; as, to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Law) To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or member of a court. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the ground that the person in not qualified as a voter. [ U. S. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

To challenge to the
array, favor, polls. See under Challenge, n. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To assert a right; to claim a place. [ 1913 Webster ]

Where nature doth with merit challenge. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. That may be challenged. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. 1. having doubts expressed about its truth.
Syn. -- disputed, questioned. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. handicapped or disabled; -- used as a euphemism, especially in combinations; as, physically challenged; mentally challenged. [ PJC ]

n. One who challenges. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cf. AS. ellende foreign, strange, G. elend miserable. ] Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Loneliness; misery. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

{ a., n }. See Elenge, Elengeness. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who, or that which, engenders. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Engendered p. pr. & vb. n. Engendering. ] [ F. engender, L. ingenerare; in + generare to beget. See Generate, and cf. Ingenerate. ] 1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds of; as, angry words engender strife. [ 1913 Webster ]

Engendering friendship in all parts of the common wealth. Southey.

Syn. -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth; cause; excite; develop. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. 1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. “I saw their mouths engender.” Massinger. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. engendreure. ] The act of generation. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ }, a. Longer; longest; -- obsolete compar. and superl. of long. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. losengier, losengeor, fr. losengier to deceive, flatter, losenge, flattery, Pr. lauzenga, fr. L. laus praise. Cf. Lozenge. ] A flatterer; a deceiver; a cozener. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

To a fair pair of gallows, there to end their lives with shame, as a number of such other losengers had done. Holinshed. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. ] Flattery; deceit; trickery. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. lozange, losange; perh. the same as OF. losengef flattery, praise, the heraldic sense being the oldest (cf. E. hatchment, blazon). Cf. Losenger, Laudable. ] 1. (Her.) (a) A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. Fusil. (b) A form of the escutcheon used by women instead of the shield which is used by men. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles; a rhomb. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Anything in the form of lozenge. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Specifically: A small cake of sugar and starch, flavored, and often medicated. -- originally in the form of a lozenge. [ 1913 Webster ]

Lozenge coach, the coach of a dowager, having her coat of arms painted on a lozenge. [ Obs. ] Walpole. --
Lozenge-molding (Arch.), a kind of molding, used in Norman architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ , a. Having the form of a lozenge or rhomb. [ 1913 Webster ]

The lozenged panes of a very small latticed window. C. Bronté. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. Mente, Meinte; p. p. Ment, Meint. ] [ See Mingle. ] To mix. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. messager, OF. messagier, F. messager. See Message. ] 1. One who bears a message; the bearer of a verbal or written communication, notice, or invitation, from one person to another, or to a public body; specifically, an office servant who bears messages. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who, or that which, foreshows, or foretells. [ 1913 Webster ]

Yon gray lines
That fret the clouds are messengers of day. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Naut.) A hawser passed round the capstan, and having its two ends lashed together to form an endless rope or chain; -- formerly used for heaving in the cable. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Law) A person appointed to perform certain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolvent laws, such as to take charge of the estate of the bankrupt or insolvent. Bouvier. Tomlins. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Carrier; intelligencer; courier; harbinger; forerunner; precursor; herald. [ 1913 Webster ]

Messenger bird, the secretary bird, from its swiftness. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who had charge of the wall of a town, or its repairs. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. Messenger. ] 1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

Passenger falcon (Zool.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. [ 1913 Webster ]

. (Railroads) A unit of measurement of the passenger transportation performed by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of which consists of the sum of the miles traversed by all the passengers on the road in the period in question. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

. (Railroads) Passenger miles collectively; the total number of miles traveled by passengers on a railroad during a given period. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

(Zool.), A once common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), now extinct. It was so called on account of its extensive migrations. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

☞ The passenger pigeon presents a striking example of how dramatic a negative influence man can have on other species. The population of the passenger pigeon is estimated to have been at one time as high as five billion in North America, but over a period of about one hundred years large scale hunting for use as food and killing for “sport” reduced the numbers below that necessary to sustain existence of the species. At one time over 200, 000 birds were shipped to the food markets in one day. The last wild pigeon is believed to have died in 1900, and the last bird in captivity died in 1914. It is a rare example of the date of a man-made extinction being recorded with certainty. [ PJC ]

v. i. To complain. [ Scot. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Revenged p. pr. & vb. n. Revenging ] [ OF. revengier, F. revancher; pref. re- re- + OF. vengier to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L. vindicare. See Vindicate, Vengerance, and cf. Revindicate. ] 1. To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before the wrong done or the wrongdoer. [ 1913 Webster ]

To revenge the death of our fathers. Ld. Berners. [ 1913 Webster ]

The gods are just, and will revenge our cause. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come,
Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- To avenge; vindicate. See Avenge. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To take vengeance; -- with upon. [ Obs. ] “A bird that will revenge upon you all.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for evil. [ 1913 Webster ]

Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with his enemy; but in passing it over he is superior. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who has done us an injury. [ 1913 Webster ]

Revenge now goes
To lay a complot to betray thy foes. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel. Kames. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. Warner. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Vengeance; revenge. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking revenge. [ 1913 Webster ]

If thy revengeful heart can not forgive. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

May my hands . . .
Never brandish more revengeful steel. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious. [ 1913 Webster ]

-- Re*venge"ful*ly, adv. -- Re*venge"ful*ness, n. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Unrevenged. [ Obs. ] Marston. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Revenge. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who revenges. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n.; G. pl. Saengerbünde /plu>. [ G. sängerbund. ] (Music) A singers' union; an association of singers or singing clubs, esp. German. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖n. [ G. sängerfest. ] A festival of singers; a German singing festival. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To cleanse, as streets, from filth. C. Kingsley. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. to salvage (usable items or material) from discarded or waste material. [ PJC ]

3. To remove (burned gases) from the cylinder after a working stroke. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

v. i. (Internal-combustion Engines) To remove the burned gases from the cylinder after a working stroke; as, this engine does not scavenge well. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. [ OE. scavager an officer with various duties, originally attending to scavage, fr. OE. & E. scavage. See Scavage, Show, v. ] A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping or sweeping, and carrying off the filth. The name is also applied to any animal which devours refuse, carrion, or anything injurious to health. [ 1913 Webster ]

Scavenger beetle (Zool.), any beetle which feeds on decaying substances, as the carrion beetle. --
Scavenger crab (Zool.), any crab which feeds on dead animals, as the spider crab. --
Scavenger's daughter [ corrupt. of Skevington's daughter ], an instrument of torture invented by Sir W. Skevington, which so compressed the body as to force the blood to flow from the nostrils, and sometimes from the hands and feet. Am. Cyc. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a game in which individuals or teams are given a list of items and must go out, gather them together without purchasing them, and bring them back; the first person or team to return with the complete list is the winner. The items are sometimes common but often of a humorous sort. [ PJC ]

v. t. To singe. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]