| その | - (其の) (adj-pn) (1) (uk) (See 何の・どの,此の,其れ・1,彼の) that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener); the; (int) (2) um...; er...; uh...; (P) [EDICT]
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| 上 | - (かみ) ยอด, ส่วนบน, ข้างบน [LongdoJP]
- (うえ) (n,adj-no,n-adv,n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) [EDICT]
- (うわ) (n,pref) upper; upward; outer; surface; top [EDICT]
- (かみ) (n) (1) (ant [EDICT]
- (じょう) (n-suf) (1) from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); in the field of; being of the type of; (2) aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; on; above; (n) (3) (See 下・げ・2) first volume (e.g. book); (n,pref) (4) superior quality; best; top; high class; (5) going up; (6) governmental; imperial; (7) presenting; showing; (pref) (8) ana- (medical, biol.); (P) [EDICT]
- (shàng, ㄕㄤˋ) on; on top; upon; first (of two parts); previous or last (week etc); upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; above; to go up; to attend (class or university); third tone of putonghua [CE-DICT]
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| 実験 | - (じっけん) การทดลอง [LongdoJP]
- (じっけん) (n,vs) experiment; (P) [EDICT]
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| が | - () (prt) (positive sentence end) I dare say; (negative sentence end) though, honestly [EDICT]
- () (suf,v5r) (1) to feel (on adj-stem to represent a third party's apparent emotion); (2) to behave as if one were [EDICT]
- () (n) scree [EDICT]
- () (adv-to) (1) (on-mim) thump; thud (dull sound representing something being hit); (2) severe; difficult; hard [EDICT]
- (我) (n) (1) {Buddh} obstinacy; (2) atman; the self; the ego [EDICT]
- (画) (n) picture; drawing; painting; sketch [EDICT]
- (蛾) (n) moth [EDICT]
- (賀) (n) (See 賀の祝) congratulation [EDICT]
- (雅) (n,adj-na) (1) (ant [EDICT]
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| 法則 | - (ほうそく) (n) law; rule; (P) [EDICT]
- (fǎ zé, ㄈㄚˇ ㄗㄜˊ) law; rule; code [CE-DICT]
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| に | - (二) สอง [LongdoJP]
- () (prt) indicates location of action (formal literary form of "de"); at; in; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (See に,は) for (in regard to); in order to [EDICT]
- () (exp) also; too; not ... either; as well; even [EDICT]
- () (exp) (1) (also にゃあ) (See ねば) if not ... (negative conditional); (2) (See には) for (in regard to); in order to [EDICT]
- (荷) (n) (1) load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods; (2) burden; responsibility; (P) [EDICT]
- (似) (suf) takes after (his mother) [EDICT]
- (丹) (n) red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion; (P) [EDICT]
- (土) (n) (arch) soil (esp. reddish soil) [EDICT]
- (尼) (n,n-suf) (abbr) (See 比丘尼) bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun) [EDICT]
- (弐) (num) two (used in legal documents) [EDICT]
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| 逆らう | - (さからう) (v5u,vi) to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy; (P) [EDICT]
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| て | - () (conj) (col) (See と言うか) or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean [EDICT]
- () (prt) a sort of thing like; used after a phrase to modify the following noun [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) (also でも, っても) even if; even though; (int) (2) (abbr) (See さても) wow [EDICT]
- (手) (n) (1) (occ. pronounced た when a prefix) (See お手・おて・1) hand; arm; (2) (col) (See お手・おて・3) forepaw; foreleg; (3) handle; (4) hand; worker; help; (5) trouble; care; effort; (6) means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship; (7) hand; handwriting; (8) kind; type; sort; (9) (See 手に入る) one's hands; one's possession; (10) (See 手に余る) ability to cope; (11) hand (of cards); (12) (See 山の手・1) direction; (P) [EDICT]
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| 行う | - (おこなう) (v5u,vt) to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out; (P) [EDICT]
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| れる | - () (aux-v,v, ) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形,迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions [EDICT]
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| た | - () (aux-adj) (1) (after the -masu stem of a verb) want to ... do something; would like to ...; (prt) (2) (kyu [EDICT]
- () (exp) (abbr of ...ていたの) (See 乃・の・5,わ) (usu. sentence end) indicates emotion, admiration, emphasis, etc. [EDICT]
- () (aux-v) (after a noun, usu. as 〜たる者, etc.) (See たり,たるや) (those) who are; (that) which is; often used in relation to qualifications and requirements for a position; in the capacity of [EDICT]
- () (suf) (m-sl) (fam) (fem) (See ちゃん) (cute) suffix for familiar person [EDICT]
- (他) (n-adv,n,adj-no) other (esp. people and abstract matters); (P) [EDICT]
- (多) (n,pref) multi-; (P) [EDICT]
- (田) (n) rice field; (P) [EDICT]
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| こと | - () (adv-to) (on-mim) clunk; thump [EDICT]
- (古都) (n) ancient city; former capital; (P) [EDICT]
- (糊塗) (n,vs) covering up; glossing over [EDICT]
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| は | - (葉) ใบไม้ [LongdoJP]
- () (int) (1) (pol) yes; (2) OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance); okay; (3) giddy-up; giddap; (P) [EDICT]
- () (v5r,aux-v,suf) (hon) (ksb [EDICT]
- () (suf) (ksb [EDICT]
- (歯) (n) tooth; (P) [EDICT]
- (刃) (n) edge (of a knife or sword); (P) [EDICT]
- (派) (n,n-suf) clique; faction; school; (P) [EDICT]
- (破) (n) (See 序破急) (in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song [EDICT]
- (葉) (n) leaf; (P) [EDICT]
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| ない | - () (exp) (1) (See ませんか) (used to ask a question in the negative) won't (hasn't, isn't, doesn't, etc.); (2) (used to make invitations, express desires or give indirect commands) won't you [EDICT]
- () (conj,aux) (1) (See ない) without doing ...; (aux) (2) used in sentence-final position as an indirect prohibition [EDICT]
- (内) (suf) inside; within [EDICT]
- (亡い) (adj-i) (See 無い) dead [EDICT]
- (無い) (adj-i) (1) (uk) (See 亡い) nonexistent; not being (there); (2) unpossessed; unowned; not had; (3) (See またとない) unique; (4) (as ...ことがない, etc.) indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility; (aux-adj) (5) (See ない) (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ...; (6) (after the -te form of a verb) to not be...; to have not ...; (P) [EDICT]
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| 常に | - (つねに) (adv) always; constantly; (P) [EDICT]
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| 十分 | - (じゅうぶん) เพียงพอ, เหลือเฟือ [LongdoJP]
- (じゅうぶん) สิบส่วน [LongdoJP]
- (じっぷん;じゅっぷん) (n) 10 minutes [EDICT]
- (じゅうぶん) (adj-na) (1) plenty; enough; sufficient; satisfactory; adequate; (n,vs) (2) (十分 only) division into ten; (adv) (3) perfectly; thoroughly; fully; in full; (P) [EDICT]
- (shí fēn, ㄕˊ ㄈㄣ) to divide into ten equal parts; very; hundred percent; completely; extremely; utterly; absolutely [CE-DICT]
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| の | - () (prt) endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle); lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) although; when; and yet; despite this; in spite of; even though; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless; for all that; notwithstanding that; (2) while; (3) if only; I wish; (4) I tell you; you should do; (5) in order to; (P) [EDICT]
- () (suf,prt) (literary equiv. of だけ) only; nothing but; (P) [EDICT]
- () (n) (See スラグ) slag [EDICT]
- (乃) (prt) (1) (uk) (occasionally ん) indicates possessive; (2) verb and adjective nominalizer (nominaliser); (3) substituting for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (4) (often ん) indicates a confident conclusion; (5) emotional emphasis (sentence end) (fem); (6) indicates question (sentence end); (P) [EDICT]
- (之) (prt) (arch) possessive (used on tombs, etc.) [EDICT]
- (幅) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT]
- (布) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT]
- (箆) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT]
- (篦) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT]
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| 範囲 | - (はんい) ขอบเขต [LongdoJP]
- (はんい) (n) extent; scope; sphere; range; span; (P) [EDICT]
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| 内 | - (ない) (suf) inside; within [EDICT]
- (うち) (n,adj-no) (1) inside; within; (2) (also 裡) while; (3) among; amongst; between; (pn,adj-no) (4) (See 家・うち・2) we (referring to one's in-group, i.e. company, etc.); our; (5) my spouse; (n) (6) (arch) imperial palace grounds; (7) (arch) emperor; (pn,adj-no) (8) (ksb [EDICT]
- (nèi, ㄋㄟˋ) inside; inner; internal; within; interior [CE-DICT]
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| で | - () (aux) (abbr) (arch) (See である) to be [EDICT]
- () (n) (sl) detective [EDICT]
- () (aux) (pol) (See だ・1) polite copula in Japanese; (P) [EDICT]
- () (conj,int) (See それでは) then; well; so; well then; (P) [EDICT]
- () (conj) (1) but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; (prt) (2) even; (3) however; no matter how; even if; even though; (4) ... or something; (5) (as 〜でも〜でも) either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...; (pref) (6) (before an occupation, etc.) pseudo-; quack; in-name-only; (7) (before an occupation, etc.) (See でもしか) for lack of anything better to do; (P) [EDICT]
- (出) (n,n-suf) (1) coming out; going out; outflow; efflux; rising (of the sun or moon); (2) attending (work); appearing (on stage); one's turn to go on; (3) start; beginning; (4) origins; background; person (or item) originating from ...; graduate of ...; native of ...; member of ... (lineage); (5) architectural member that projects outward; (6) highest point of the stern of a ship; (7) (uk) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb as 〜出がある or 〜出がない, etc.) amount (comprising something); amount of time or effort required to do something; (P) [EDICT]
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| さもなければ | - (然も無ければ) (exp) (uk) otherwise; if not; or else [EDICT]
- (然もなければ) (exp) (uk) otherwise; if not; or else [EDICT]
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| として | - () (prt) assuming ...; even if ...; (P) [EDICT]
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| 全く | - (まったく) (adv) (1) really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly; (2) indeed; (int) (3) (abbr) (See 全くもう) good grief (expression of exasperation); (P) [EDICT]
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| 認める | - (したためる) (v1,vt) (uk) to write up [EDICT]
- (みとめる) (v1,vt) (1) to recognize; to recognise; to appreciate; (2) to observe; to notice; (3) to admit; to approve; (P) [EDICT]
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| だ | - () (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) (fam) marks wh-question (what, where, who); (2) (chn) strengthens one's judgment or conclusion; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) if it's the case; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) even [EDICT]
- () (suf,prt) and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) (1) (See でしょう) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder; I hope; (2) don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; (P) [EDICT]
- () (n) (col) (abbr) (See 友達) friend [EDICT]
- () (n) undercut (of a machined edge) [EDICT]
- (駄) (pref) (1) (See 駄文・1) poor; low-grade; trivial; insignificant; worthless; (n-suf,ctr) (2) (See 一駄) load; pack; horse load; (n) (3) packhorse [EDICT]
- (兌) (n) dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching [EDICT]
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| う | - () (int) (arch) (See うん) yea; uh huh [EDICT]
- () (int) (1) yeah; uh huh; (n-pref) (2) (also ん) some (at the start of a number in place of a digit); (P) [EDICT]
- () (aux-v) (1) (arch) (See んとする) will probably be; (2) intending to; will; (3) should [EDICT]
- (宇) (ctr) counter for buildings, etc. [EDICT]
- (羽) (n) (See 五音) fifth degree (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale) [EDICT]
- (鵜) (n) cormorant [EDICT]
- (得) (v2a-s,vt) (1) (See 得る・うる) to get; to acquire; to obtain; to procure; to earn; to win; to gain; to secure; to attain; (2) (as 〜することを得, etc.) to be possible [EDICT]
- (有) (n) {Buddh} bhava (becoming, existence) [EDICT]
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