(aux) used as an auxiliary verb before a principal verb to indicate the past tense, Example: ตอนที่ไปเที่ยวเมืองจีน เขาได้ไปเยี่ยมชมกำแพงเมืองจีน, Thai Definition: คำช่วยกริยาบอกอดีต
[nari] (prt) (1) or; whether or not; (2) (after dictionary form verb) as soon as; right after; (3) (after past tense verb) while still; with previous state still in effect; (P) #130[Add to Longdo]
[keri] (aux-v) (1) indicates recollection or realization (i.e. of hearsay or the past); can form a poetic past tense; (2) indicates continuation from the past to the present; (3) (also written with the ateji 鳧) end; conclusion [Add to Longdo]
[ことがある, kotogaaru] (exp, v5r-i) (1) (uk) (after the past tense form of a verb) (something) has occurred; to have done (something); such a thing happened; (2) (uk) (something) happens on occasions; there are times when; (P) [Add to Longdo]
[ことがない, kotoganai] (exp, adj-i) (1) (uk) (after the past tense form of a verb) (something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; (2) (uk) never happens; there is never a time when [Add to Longdo]
[ことにする, kotonisuru] (exp, vs-i) (1) (uk) to decide to; (2) (uk) (after the past tense form of a verb) to pretend that; (3) (uk) (as 〜ことにしている) to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to [Add to Longdo]
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เช่น Secretary of State=รัฐมนตรีต่างประเทศของสหรัฐฯ (ในภาพตัวอย่าง),
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