‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. &unr_; an intestinal worm. ] (Med.) A disease, usually accompanied by colicky pains and diarrhea, caused by the presence of ascarids in the gastrointestinal canal. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n.; pl. Ascarides r Ascarids. [ NL. ascaris, fr. Gr. &unr_;. ] (Zool.) A parasitic nematoid worm, especially the roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, often occurring in the human intestine, and allied species found in domestic animals; also commonly applied to the pinworm (Oxyuris), often troublesome to children and aged persons. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a natural family of large roundworms parasitic in intestines of vertebrates.
Syn. -- family Ascaridae. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. a roundworm having a preanal sucker.
Syn. -- genus Ascaridia. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. 1 the type genus of the family Ascaridae: roundworms with a three-lipped mouth.
Syn. -- genus Ascaris. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. the dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative; -- called also cascara sagrada.
Syn. -- chittam bark, chittem bark. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

(Bot.) The buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshiana) of the Pacific coast of the United States, which yields cascara sagrada. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖ [ Sp. ] Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or laxative; -- called also cascara. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of cáscara bark. ] (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also, its aromatic bark. [ 1913 Webster ]

Cascarilla bark (or
Cascarilla) (Med.), the bark of Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and intoxication. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of cascarilla. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ Sp. cascarón. ] Lit., an eggshell; hence, an eggshell filled with confetti to be thrown during balls, carnivals, etc. [ Western U. S. ] [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. See counterscarp. [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>n. [ Counter- + scarp: cf. F. contrescarpe. ] (Fort.) The exterior slope or wall of the ditch; -- sometimes, the whole covered way, beyond the ditch, with its parapet and glacis; as, the enemy have lodged themselves on the counterscarp. [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>prop. n. René Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician, born 1596, died 1650. See biography, below.
Syn. -- Rene Descartes. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

Descartes, René (Latinized Renatus Cartesius). Born at La Haye, Touraine, France, March 31, 1596: died at Stockholm, Feb. 11, 1650. A. celebrated French philosopher, founder of Cartesianism and of modern philosophy in general. He was graduated at seventeen from the Jesuit college of La Flèche, spent five years in Paris (1613-18), and then roamed about in search of knowledge in Germany, Italy, Holland, and Poland. In 1628 he attended the siege of La Rochelle as a volunteer. From 1629 to 1649 he led a retired life in Holland, spreading and defending his philosophical ideas. He finally went to Stockholm on the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden; five months later he died there of pneumonia. The work that has made him famous as a philosopher is a short treatise entitled "Discours de la méthode" (Leyden, 1637). It was published in French together with three essays in support of his theories, "La dioptrique," "Les météores," and "La géométrie." In it he revolutionized the science of thought. Descartes himself published during his lifetime "Meditationes de prima philosophia "(Paris, 1641; Amsterdam, 1642; translated into French, 1647), "Principia philosophiae" (Amsterdam, 1644), "Traité des passions de l'âme" (Amsterdam, 1649), and a polemic pamphlet entitled "Epistola Renati Descartes ad Gisbertum Voëitum" (Amsterdam, 1643). After his death his friends published his "De l'homme" (1664), "Traité de la formation du foetus" (1664), "Le monde ou traité de la lumière de Descartes" (1664), "Lettres" (1657-67), and "Opuscula posthuma, physica et mathematica" (Amsterdam, 1701). Descartes ranked among the foremost mathematicians of his day. A separate reprint was made of his geometry, and the work itself was translated into Latin in 1649, and reëdited in 1659 with notes and comments. In this form it constituted a classic standard throughout Europe, and presented an entirely new basis for the study of algebra and geometry. [ Century Dict. 1906 ]

v. i. (Card Playing) To make a discard. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Discarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Discarding. ] 1. (Card Playing) To throw out of one's hand, as superfluous cards; to lay aside (a card or cards). [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To cast off as useless or as no longer of service; to dismiss from employment, confidence, or favor; to discharge; to turn away. [ 1913 Webster ]

They blame the favorites, and think it nothing extraordinary that the queen should . . . resolve to discard them. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To put or thrust away; to reject. [ 1913 Webster ]

A man discards the follies of boyhood. I. Taylor.

Syn. -- To dismiss; displace; discharge; cashier. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Card Playing) The act of discarding; also, the card or cards discarded. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Rejection; dismissal. [ R. ] Hayter. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. dis- + carnatus fleshy, fr. caro, carnis, flesh. ] Stripped of flesh. [ Obs. ] “Discarnate bones.” Glanvill. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. escarbuncle, F. escaboucle. ] (Her.) See Carbuncle, 3. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. escargotière, fr. escargot snail. ] A nursery of snails. [ Obs. ] Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. snail. ] any edible terrestrial snail prepared as food; as a dish, it is usually served in the shell with a sauce of melted butter and garlic.
Syn. -- snail. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

n. [ Fr., from OFr. scariole. fr. LL. escariola, L. escarius of food, fit to eat, esca food, fr. edere to eat. ] a variety of endive (Cichorium endivia) often used in salads, having leaves with irregular frilled edges.
Syn. -- endive, curly endive. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa), fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. scharf sharp, E. sharp, or perh. scrape. ] (Fort.) The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as scarp, and opposed to counterscarp. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Escarped p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping. ] (Mil.) To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap. Carleton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. escarpement. ] A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cf. hare, v. t., and scare, v. t. ] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [ Colloq. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad. Thackeray. [ 1913 Webster ]

prop. n. a mountain in Peru, 22, 205 feet high. [ proper name ] [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Per. & Hind. lashkar an army, an inferior artillery man, a cooly, a native sailor. ] A native sailor, employed in European vessels; also, a menial employed about arsenals, camps, camps, etc.; a camp follower. [ East Indies ] [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>prop. n. An island in the Indian Ocean, about 240 miles off the southeast coast of Africa, governed as a single country, the Republic of Madagascar. It is the world's fourth-largest island, with a total area of 587, 040 sq km, with 4, 828 km of coastline. Once a French colony, it gained independence from France in 1960. The name of the government after independence was the Malagasy Republic. [ PJC ]

Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997 in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The Population: is 15, 982, 563 (July 2001 est.) The highest point is Maromokotro, at 2, 876 m. Natural resources are: graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, and hydropower. CIA World Factbook [ PJC ]

n. (Zool.) A small lemur having its tail barred with black.
Syn. -- ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. (Bot.) A twining woody vine (Stephanotis floribunda) of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions.
Syn. -- waxflower, Stephanotis floribunda. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. (Bot.) A climber (Piper nigrum) having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; found in South India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in North Burma and Assam.
Syn. -- pepper, common pepper, black pepper, white pepper, Madagascar pepper, Piper nigrum. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. (Bot.) A commonly cultivated Old World woody herb (Vinca rosea) having large pinkish to red flowers.
Syn. -- periwinkle, rose periwinkle, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, Cape periwinkle, red periwinkle, cayenne jasmine, Catharanthus roseus, Vinca rosea. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. (Bot.) A small shrubby tree (Flacourtia indica) of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resembling small plums.
Syn. -- governor's plum, governor plum, Madagascar plum, ramontchi, batoko palm, Flacourtia indica. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. A cosmetic used to darken and thicken the eye lashes, usually applied with a small brush. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. Unfortunate event or issue of an undertaking; failure to attain a proper or desired result or reach a destination; as, a serious miscarriage of justice. [ 1913 Webster ]

When a counselor, to save himself,
Would lay miscarriages upon his prince. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior; as, the failings and miscarriages of the righteous. Rogers. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The act of bringing forth a child before the time it is viable; a premature birth, resulting in death of the fetus; spontaneous abortion. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

a. Capable of miscarrying; liable to fail. [ R. ] Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Miscarried p. pr. & vb. n. Miscarrying. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. To carry, or go, wrong; to fail of reaching a destination, or fail of the intended effect; to be unsuccessful; to suffer defeat. [ 1913 Webster ]

My ships have all miscarried. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

The cardinal's letters to the pope miscarried. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To bring forth young before the time they are viable; to have a spontaneous abortion. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

n. [ F., fr. muscadin a musk-scented lozenge, fr. muscade nutmeg, fr. L. muscus musk. See Muscadel. ] (Zool.) The common European dormouse; -- so named from its odor. [ Written also muscadine. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. ] A disease which is very destructive to silkworms, and which sometimes extends to other insects. It is attended by the development of a fungus (provisionally called Botrytis bassiana). Also, the fungus itself. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. muscarium fly brush + -form. ] Having the form of a brush. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Physiol. Chem.) A solid crystalline substance, C5H13NO2, found in the toadstool (Agaricus muscarius), and in putrid fish. It is a typical ptomaine, and a violent poison. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr. piscis a fish. ] (Law) The right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters. Blackstone. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. escare, F. eschare an eschar, a dry slough (cf. It. & Sp. escara), L. eschara, fr. Gr. &unr_; hearth, fireplace, scab, eschar. Cf. Eschar. ] 1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish; a disfigurement. [ 1913 Webster ]

This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle, scar, or fracture on all its body. T. Burnet. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Bot.) A mark left upon a stem or branch by the fall of a leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed by the separation of its support. See Illust. under Axillary. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Scarred p. pr. & vb. n. Scarring. ] To mark with a scar or scars. [ 1913 Webster ]

Yet I'll not shed her blood;
Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

His cheeks were deeply scarred. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To form a scar. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Scot. scar, scaur, Icel. sker a skerry, an isolated rock in the sea; akin to Dan. skiaer, Sw. skär. Cf. Skerry. ] An isolated or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare place on the side of a mountain or steep bank of earth. [ Written also scaur. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

O sweet and far, from cliff and scar,
The horns of Elfland faintly blowing. Tennyson. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. scarus, a kind of fish, Gr. ska`ros. ] (Zool.) A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. Same as Scarab in both senses.