n. [ Prob. fr. L. campus field. ] (Bot.) A plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing berries regarded as poisonous. [ 1913 Webster ]

Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having a much inflated calyx. See Behen. --
Rose campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria) with handsome crimson flowers. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. champion, fr. LL.campio, of German origin; cf. OHG. chempho, chemphio, fighter, champf, G. kampf, contest; perh. influenced by L. campus field, taken in the sense of “field of battle.” ] 1. One who engages in any contest; especially one who in ancient times contended in single combat in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who now acts or speaks in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a hero. [ 1913 Webster ]

A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Champions of law and liberty. Fisher Ames. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athletics or game of skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; as, the champion of England. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Champion is used attributively in the sense of surpassing all competitors; overmastering; as, champion pugilist; champion chess player.

Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior; defender; protector. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Championed p. pr. & vb. n. Championing. ] [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend as champion; to support or maintain; to protect. [ 1913 Webster ]

Championed or unchampioned, thou diest. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A female champion. Fairfax. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. State of being champion; leadership; supremacy. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. doupion, It. doppione, fr. doppio double, L. duplus. See Double, and cf. Doubloon. ] A double cocoon, made by two silkworms. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. &unr_;, fr. &unr_; a turning aside; &unr_; from + &unr_; to turn. ] (Med.) An unnatural eversion of the eyelids. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL. ] (Med.) Same as Entropium. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. espionnage, fr. espionner to spy, fr. espion spy, OF. espie. See Espy. ] The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; very fat; e'y^ well + &unr_; fat. ] (Chem.) A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. [ Written also eupion. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL. ] Same as Marsupium. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., fr. mordre to bite + L. pedis louse. ] (Zool.) A louse. Hudibras. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; a conqueror in the Olympic games. ] An ode in honor of a victor in the Olympic games. [ R. ] Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion. ] (Zool.) A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., “abounding in marsh marigolds.” [ 1913 Webster ]

Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess. ] 1. (Mil.) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Pioneered p. pr. & vb. n. Pioneering. ] 1. To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. to take part in the early development of; to break ground in; to invent or originate. [ PJC ]

a. groundbreaking; originating; -- of efforts that begin work in a field or on a topic not previously widely known. [ PJC ]

In Utah, a legal holiday, July 24, commemorated the arrival, in 1847, of Brigham Young and his followers at the present site of Salt Lake City. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. A pioneer. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Bot.) See Peony. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. pompon. See Pumpkin. ] See Pumpion. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) A salt of propionic acid. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a colorless fragrant liquid. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Proto- + Gr. pi`wn fat. ] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so called because it is the first or lowest member of the fatty acid series whose salts have a fatty feel. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C3H5O, regarded as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related compounds. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. pl. [ NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion. ] (Zool.) An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina. See Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. raiponce, Sp. ruiponce, reponche, L. raperonzo, NL. rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a turnip, rape. Cf. Rape a plant. ] (Bot.) A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called ramps. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus Phyteuma, herbs of the Bellflower family, and to the American evening primrose (Œnothera biennis), which has run wild in some parts of Europe. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., fr. L. scorpio, scorpius, Gr. &unr_;, perhaps akin to E. sharp. ] 1. (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of pulmonate arachnids of the order Scorpiones, having a suctorial mouth, large claw-bearing palpi, and a caudal sting. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Scorpions have a flattened body, and a long, slender post-abdomen formed of six movable segments, the last of which terminates in a curved venomous sting. The venom causes great pain, but is unattended either with redness or swelling, except in the axillary or inguinal glands, when an extremity is affected. It is seldom if ever destructive of life. Scorpions are found widely dispersed in the warm climates of both the Old and New Worlds. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Zool.) The pine or gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). [ Local, U. S. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Zool.) The scorpene. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Script.) A painful scourge. [ 1913 Webster ]

My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 1 Kings xii. 11. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Astron.) A sign and constellation. See Scorpio. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Antiq.) An ancient military engine for hurling stones and other missiles. [ 1913 Webster ]

Book scorpion. (Zool.) See under Book. --
False scorpion. (Zool.) See under False, and Book scorpion. --
Scorpion bug, or
Water scorpion (Zool.) See Nepa. --
Scorpion fly (Zool.), a neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa. See Panorpid. --
Scorpion grass (Bot.), a plant of the genus Myosotis. Myosotis palustris is the forget-me-not. --
Scorpion senna (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous shrub (Coronilla Emerus) having a slender joined pod, like a scorpion's tail. The leaves are said to yield a dye like indigo, and to be used sometimes to adulterate senna. --
Scorpion shell (Zool.), any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See Pteroceras. --
Scorpion spiders. (Zool.), any one of the Pedipalpi. --
Scorpion's tail (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus Scorpiurus, herbs with a circinately coiled pod; -- also called caterpillar. --
Scorpion's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Genista Scorpius) of Southern Europe. --
The Scorpion's Heart (Astron.), the star Antares in the constellation Scorpio. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. pl. [ NL. ] (Zool.) A division of arachnids comprising the scorpions. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. pl. [ NL. ] (Zool.) Same as Scorpiones. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Bot.) A leguminous plant (Ornithopus scorpioides) of Southern Europe, having slender curved pods. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Zool.) (a) A European sculpin (Cottus scorpius) having the head armed with short spines. (b) The scorpene. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. tampon, tapon, tape, of Dutch or German origin. See Tap a pipe or plug, and cf. Tamp, Tampop, Tompion. ] [ Written also tampeon, and tompion. ] 1. A wooden stopper, or plug, as for a cannon or other piece of ordnance, when not in use. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Mus.) A plug for upper end of an organ pipe. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ See Tampios ] 1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Zool.) See Nepa. [ 1913 Webster ]