n. [ Benzoic + aldehyde. ] (Chem.) A compound radical, C6H5.CH=, of the aromatic series, related to benzyl and benzoyl; -- used adjectively or in combination. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Benzoin + amide. ] (Chem.) A transparent crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl compounds. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From Benzoin. ] (Chem.) A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum. [ 1913 Webster ]

Benzene nucleus,
Benzene ring (Chem.), a closed chain or ring, consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule, C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are formed. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. (Chem.) similar to benzene in structure or linkage; having an aromatic ring system. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ From Benzoin. ] (Chem.) A yellowish crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from benzoin by the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a doubled benzoyl radical. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From Benzoin. ] (Chem.) 1. A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also petroleum spirit, petroleum benzine. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Same as Benzene. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The hydrocarbons of benzine proper are essentially of the marsh gas (paraffin) series, while benzene proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. benzoate. ] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable base. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a chemical substance obtainable as a white crystalline ester (H2N.C6H4.CO.O.C2H5) used as a local anesthetic. Chemically, it is 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester.
Syn. -- ethyl p-aminobenzoate. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. [ Cf. F. benzoïque. ] Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin. [ 1913 Webster ]

Benzoic acid, or flowers of benzoin, a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous. --
Benzoic aldehyde, oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde, C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless liquid. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. benjoin, Sp. benjui, Pg. beijoin; all fr. Ar. lubān-jāwī incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable being lost. Cf. Benjamin. ] [ Called also benjamin. ] 1. A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A white crystalline substance, C14H12O2, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Bot.) The spicebush (Lindera benzoin). [ 1913 Webster ]

Flowers of benzoin, benzoic acid. See under Benzoic. [ 1913 Webster ]