| れる;られる | [reru ; rareru] (aux-v, v1) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形, 迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions #41 [Add to Longdo] |
| よう | [you] (aux-v) (1) (non-五段 verbs, e.g. 食べよう) indicates speculation; (2) indicates will; (3) indicates invitation #44 [Add to Longdo] |
| う | [u] (aux-v) (1) (after the imperfective form of certain verbs and adjectives) indicates speculation; (2) indicates will; (3) indicates invitation #63 [Add to Longdo] |
| たり(P);だり | [tari (P); dari] (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P) #213 [Add to Longdo] |
| せる;させる | [seru ; saseru] (aux-v, v1) (1) (せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段; follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs; senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す) auxiliary verb indicating the causative; (2) (hum) (usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc.) auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something; (3) auxiliary verb used to make verbs more "active"; (4) (hon) (as 〜(さ)せられる, 〜あら(さ)せられる, 〜(さ)せ給う, etc.) auxiliary verb used as an extreme honorific for others' actions #540 [Add to Longdo] |
| なさい | [nasai] (aux) (See 為さる) do (imperative form often used after ~masu base of verbs) #6,831 [Add to Longdo] |
| 過ぎる | [すぎる, sugiru] (v1, vi) (1) to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond; (2) to pass (i.e. of time); to elapse; (3) to have expired; to have ended; to be over; (4) to exceed; to surpass; to be above; (5) (as 〜に過ぎない, etc.) to be no more than ...; (v1, vi, suf) (6) (often used after adjective stems or the -masu stems of verbs) to be excessive; to be too much; to be too ...; (P) #9,539 [Add to Longdo] |
| さす | [sasu] (v5s, vt) (1) (See 為せる・1) to make (someone) do; (2) (See 為せる・2) to allow (someone) to; (aux-v, v5s) (3) auxiliary verb indicating the causative; (4) auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something; (5) auxiliary verb used to make verbs more "active"; (6) auxiliary verb used as an extreme honorific for others' actions; (n) (7) (arch) swidden #14,090 [Add to Longdo] |
| いろは歌留多(ateji);伊呂波ガルタ;伊呂波歌留多(ateji);以呂波歌留多(ateji) | [いろはガルタ, iroha garuta] (n) playing cards bearing proverbs in the traditional ordering of the Japanese syllabary [Add to Longdo] |
| ですます体 | [ですますたい, desumasutai] (n) (See です体) literary form imparting the nuance of polite speech (with sentences ending in "desu" and verbs ending in "masu") [Add to Longdo] |
