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*groundwork*

   
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ลองค้นหาคำในรูปแบบอื่น ๆ เพื่อให้ได้ผลลัพธ์มากขึ้นหรือน้อยลง: groundwork, -groundwork-
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Chinese Phonetic Symbols


English-Thai: NECTEC's Lexitron-2 Dictionary [with local updates]
groundwork(n) พื้นฐาน, See also: รากฐาน, ฐาน, Syn. base, basis, bottom, foundation

English-Thai: HOPE Dictionary [with local updates]
groundwork(เกราดฺ'เวิร์ค) n. รากฐาน, พื้นฐาน, การเตรียมตัว, Syn. basis

English-Thai: Nontri Dictionary
groundwork(n) รากฐาน, พื้นฐาน

Thai-English: NECTEC's Lexitron-2 Dictionary [with local updates]
รากฐาน(n) foundation, See also: groundwork, base, basis, Example: หากรากฐานของสิ่งก่อสร้างไม่แข็งแรงจะทำให้สิ่งก่อสร้างนั้นมีอายุการใช้งานสั้นลง, Thai Definition: สิ่งที่รองรับไว้ให้ต่อยอดขึ้นไปได้
ฐานราก(n) foundation, See also: base, groundwork, Syn. โครงสร้างรองรับ, Example: อาคารนี้มีฐานรากมั่นคงมาก, Thai Definition: โครงสร้างใต้ดิน ทำหน้าที่รับน้ำหนักโครงสร้างส่วนบนของอาคารหรือสิ่งปลูกสร้างอื่นๆ

CMU English Pronouncing Dictionary Dictionary [with local updates]
groundwork

Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (pronunciation guide only)
groundwork

WordNet (3.0)
groundwork(n) preliminary preparation as a basis or foundation
basis(n) the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained, Syn. groundwork, base, fundament, cornerstone, foundation
foundation(n) lowest support of a structure, Syn. groundwork, foot, base, substructure, fundament, understructure

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English (GCIDE) v.0.53
Groundwork

n. That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle; as, development of a convenient DNA sequencing technique layed the groundwork for many of the subsequent advances in molecular genetics. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

German-English: TU-Chemnitz DING Dictionary
Vorarbeit { f }; Grundlage { f } | die Vorarbeit für etw. leistengroundwork | to do the groundwork for sth. [Add to Longdo]
jdm. zuarbeitento do sb.'s groundwork [Add to Longdo]

Japanese-English: EDICT Dictionary
下地[したじ, shitaji] (n) groundwork; foundation; inclination; aptitude; elementary knowledge of; grounding in; prearrangement; spadework; signs; symptoms; first coat of plastering; soy; (P) #17,483 [Add to Longdo]
グラウンドワーク[guraundowa-ku] (n) groundwork [Add to Longdo]
根回し[ねまわし, nemawashi] (n, vs) making necessary arrangements; laying the groundwork; (P) [Add to Longdo]
事前工作[じぜんこうさく, jizenkousaku] (n) preparatory operations; measure taken in advance; doing the groundwork [Add to Longdo]
地均し[じならし, jinarashi] (n, vs) ground levelling (leveling); laying groundwork; smoothing the way [Add to Longdo]
地固め[じがため, jigatame] (n, vs) ground leveling; ground levelling; groundwork; laying foundations [Add to Longdo]

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