n. [ See By-law. ] (Law) A law made by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or by-law. [ Written also byrlaw, birlie, birley. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

. A law enacted to provide for the regulation and supervision of investment companies in order to protect the public against companies that do not intend to do a fair and honest business and that offer investments that do not promise a fair return; -- so called because the promises made by some investment companies are as boundless or alluring as the blue sky, or, perhaps, because designed to clear away the clouds and fogs from the simple investor's horizon. [ Colloq. ] [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

See under Law. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Brothers-in-law The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. Sw. bylag, D. bylov, Icel. b&ymacr_;arlög, fr. Sw. & Dan. by town, Icel. bær, byr (fr. bûa to dwell) + the word for law; hence, a law for one town, a special law. Cf. Birlaw and see Law. ] 1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government. [ 1913 Webster ]

There was likewise a law to restrain the by-laws, or ordinances of corporations. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

The law or institution; to which are added two by-laws, as a comment upon the general law. Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and by-laws for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to abuse. [ Obs. ] Birch. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ Clap + claw. ] 1. To fight and scratch. C. Smart. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ AS. clawu, clā, cleó; akin to D. klaauw, G. klaue, Icel. klō, Sw. & Dan. klo, and perh. to E. clew. ] 1. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Bot.) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the pink. Gray. [ 1913 Webster ]

Claw hammer, a hammer with one end of the metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc. --
Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the swallowtail pattern. [ Slang ] --
Claw sickness, foot rot, a disease affecting sheep. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Clawed p. pr. & vb. n. Clawing. ] [ AS. clawan. See Claw, n. ] 1. To pull, tear, or scratch with, or as with, claws or nails. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the poor they contemn and despise. Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To rail at; to scold. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is right well kept and observed; though he claweth them soon after in another acceptation. T. Fuller [ 1913 Webster ]

Claw me, claw thee, stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old proverb. Tyndale. --
To claw away, to scold or revile. “The jade Fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you should lose it.” L'Estrange. --
To claw (one) on the back, to tickle; to express approbation. (Obs.) Chaucer. --
To claw (one) on the gall, to find fault with; to vex. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To scrape, scratch, or dig with a claw, or with the hand as a claw. “Clawing [ in ash barrels ] for bits of coal.” W. D. Howells. [ 1913 Webster ]

To claw off (Naut.), to turn to windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Flattering; sycophantic. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Like a clawback parasite. Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To flatter. [ Obs. ] Warner. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A flatterer or sycophant. [ Obs. ] “Take heed of these clawbacks.” Latimer. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Furnished with claws. N. Grew. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Destitute of claws. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. having a base shaped like a claw; -- of flower petals. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ D. kool slaa cabbage salad. ] A salad made of sliced cabbage. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Physics) The law that the force exerted between two electric or magnetic charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance between them. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. a lawyer who pleads cases in court.
Syn. -- advocate, counsel, counselor, counsellor. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. Same as Cyprus. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Daughters-in-law. The wife of one's son. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. to remove the claws from, -- used especially with a cat as an object. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. one of the thirteen original states of the United States of America. [ PJC ]

2. (Bot.) An American grape, with compact bunches of small, amber-colored berries, sweet and of a good flavor. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a resident of Delaware.
Syn. -- Delawarian. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. pl.; sing. Delaware. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the valley of the Delaware River, but now mostly located in the Indian Territory. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a resident of Delaware.
Syn. -- Delawarean. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. In any animal, esp. of the Herbivora, a rudimentary claw or small hoof not reaching the ground. [ 1913 Webster ]

Some cut off the dewclaws [ of greyhounds ]. J. H. Walsh. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Fathers-in-law The father of one's husband or wife; -- correlative to son-in-law and daughter-in-law. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ A man who marries a woman having children already, is sometimes, though erroneously, called their father-in-law. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. flai, flaw flake; cf. Sw. flaga flaw, crack, breach, flake, D. vlaag gust of wind, Norw. flage, flaag, and E. flag a flat stone. ] 1. A crack or breach; a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion; as, a flaw in a knife or a vase. [ 1913 Webster ]

This heart
Shall break into a hundered thousand flaws. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A defect; a fault; as, a flaw in reputation; a flaw in a will, in a deed, or in a statute. [ 1913 Webster ]

Has not this also its flaws and its dark side? South. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult; uproar; a quarrel. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

And deluges of armies from the town
Came pouring in; I heard the mighty flaw. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration. [ 1913 Webster ]

Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and flaw. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

Like flaws in summer laying lusty corn. Tennyson.

Syn. -- Blemish; fault; imperfection; spot; speck. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Flawed p. pr. & vb. n. Flawing. ] 1. To crack; to make flaws in. [ 1913 Webster ]

The brazen caldrons with the frosts are flawed. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To break; to violate; to make of no effect. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

France hath flawed the league. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. having flaws or imperfections; not perfect; -- applied broadly; as, a flawed vase; a flawed performance; a flawed character.
Syn. -- blemished. [ PJC ]

a. Free from flaws. Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. flaon, F. flan, LL. flado, fr. OHG. flado, G. fladen, a sort of pancake; cf. Gr. &unr_; broad. See Place. ] A sort of flat custard or pie. [ Obs. ] Tusser. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ Cf. Flay. ] To scrape or pare, as a skin. [ Obs. ] Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty. Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Frank free + law. ] (Eng. Law) The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially the same as the American expression civil rights. Abbot. [ 1913 Webster ]

. (Parliamentary Law) A law or ruling prohibiting proper or free debate, as in closure. [ Colloq. or Cant ] [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

v. t. [ In + law. Cf. Inlagation. ] (Old Eng. Law) To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the protection of the law. Burrill.

n. A person who is related by marriage, as distinguished from a blood relative; esp. mother-in-law (the mother of one's spouse), father-in-law (the father of one's spouse), brother-in-law (the brother of one's spouse, or husband of one's spouse's sister), sister-in-law (the sister of one's spouse, or wife of one's spouse's brother). [ PJC ]

suff. A suffix meaning through marriage. See in-law. [ PJC ]

. 1. (Elec.) The law that the rate at which heat is produced in any part of an electric circuit is measured by the product of the square of the current times the resistance of that part of the circuit. If the current (i) is constant for an interval of time (t), the energy (H) in heat units equals i2Rt, R being resistance. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

2. (Thermodynamics) The law that there is no change of temperature when a gas expands without doing external work and without receiving or rejecting heat. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. [ OE. lawe, laghe, AS. lagu, from the root of E. lie: akin to OS. lag, Icel. lög, Sw. lag, Dan. lov; cf. L. lex, E. legal. A law is that which is laid, set, or fixed; like statute, fr. L. statuere to make to stand. See Lie to be prostrate. ] 1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it. [ 1913 Webster ]

These are the statutes and judgments and laws, which the Lord made. Lev. xxvi. 46. [ 1913 Webster ]

The law of thy God, and the law of the King. Ezra vii. 26. [ 1913 Webster ]

As if they would confine the Interminable . . .
Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament. Specifically: the first five books of the bible, called also Torah, Pentatech, or Law of Moses. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. Rom. iii. 19, 21. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. In human government: (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community. (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. In mathematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law. [ 1913 Webster ]

9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice. [ 1913 Webster ]

Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason. Coke. [ 1913 Webster ]

Law is beneficence acting by rule. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ]

And sovereign Law, that state's collected will
O'er thrones and globes elate,
Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. [ 1913 Webster ]

10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law. [ 1913 Webster ]

When every case in law is right. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

He found law dear and left it cheap. Brougham. [ 1913 Webster ]

11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [ Obs. ] See Wager of law, under Wager. [ 1913 Webster ]

Avogadro's law (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called Ampère's law. --
Bode's law (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: --

 Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep.  4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4  0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ---  4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388  5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 

where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line. --
Boyle's law (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as Mariotte's law, and the law of Boyle and Mariotte. --
Brehon laws. See under Brehon. --
Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. Wharton. --
Civil law, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. Wharton. --
Commercial law. See Law merchant (below). --
Common law. See under Common. --
Criminal law, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes. --
Ecclesiastical law. See under Ecclesiastical. --
Grimm's law (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bhāt&rsdot_;, L. frater, E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dhā to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. See also lautverschiebung. --
Kepler's laws (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances. --
Law binding, a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also law calf. --
Law book, a book containing, or treating of, laws. --
Law calf. See Law binding (above). --
Law day. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet. (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given. [ U. S. ] --
Law French, the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III. --
Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms. --
Law Latin. See under Latin. --
Law lords, peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession. --
Law merchant, or
Commercial law, a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures. --
Law of Charles (Physics), the law that the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled Gay Lussac's law, or Dalton's law. --
Law of nations. See International law, under International. --
Law of nature. (a) A broad generalization expressive of the constant action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death is a law of nature; self-defense is a law of nature. See Law, 4. (b) A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality deducible from a study of the nature and natural relations of human beings independent of supernatural revelation or of municipal and social usages. --
Law of the land, due process of law; the general law of the land. --
Laws of honor. See under Honor. --
Laws of motion (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as it is made to change that state by external force. (2) Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force, and takes place in the direction in which the force is impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions. --
Marine law, or
Maritime law, the law of the sea; a branch of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea, such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like. Bouvier. --
Mariotte's law. See Boyle's law (above). --
Martial law.See under Martial. --
Military law, a branch of the general municipal law, consisting of rules ordained for the government of the military force of a state in peace and war, and administered in courts martial. Kent. Warren's Blackstone. --
Moral law, the law of duty as regards what is right and wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten commandments given by Moses. See Law, 2. --
Mosaic law, or
Ceremonial law. (Script.) See Law, 3. --
Municipal law, or
Positive law, a rule prescribed by the supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from international law and constitutional law. See Law, 1. --
Periodic law. (Chem.) See under Periodic. --
Roman law, the system of principles and laws found in the codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws of the several European countries and colonies founded by them. See Civil law (above). --
Statute law, the law as stated in statutes or positive enactments of the legislative body. --
Sumptuary law. See under Sumptuary. --
To go to law, to seek a settlement of any matter by bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute some one. --
To take the law of, or
To have the law of, to bring the law to bear upon; as, to take the law of one's neighbor. Addison. --
Wager of law. See under Wager.

Syn. -- Justice; equity. -- Law, Statute, Common law, Regulation, Edict, Decree. Law is generic, and, when used with reference to, or in connection with, the other words here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one who has a right to require obedience. A statute is a particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule of action founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of justice. A regulation is a limited and often, temporary law, intended to secure some particular end or object. An edict is a command or law issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A decree is a permanent order either of a court or of the executive government. See Justice. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. Same as Lawe, v. t. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

interj. [ Cf. La. ] An exclamation of mild surprise. [ Archaic or Low ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Abiding the law; waiting for the operation of law for the enforcement of rights; also, abiding by the law; obedient to the law; as, law-abiding people. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who disobeys the law; someone who violates the law; a criminal.
Syn. -- violator, lawbreaker, law breaker, perpetrator. [ 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5 ]

-- Law"break`ing, n. & a. [1913 Webster]

n. 1. an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act.
Syn. -- crime. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

v. t. [ See 2d Lawing. ] To cut off the claws and balls of, as of a dog's fore feet. Wright. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A lawyer. [ Obs. ] Bale. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Conformable to law; allowed by law; legitimate; competent. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Constituted or authorized by law; rightful; as, the lawful owner of lands. [ 1913 Webster ]

Lawful age, the age when the law recognizes one's right of independent action; majority; -- generally the age of twenty-one years. Also called legal age or age of majority. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

☞ In some of the States, and for some purposes, a woman attains lawful age at eighteen. Abbott.

Syn. -- Legal; constitutional; allowable; regular; rightful. -- Lawful, Legal. Lawful means conformable to the principle, spirit, or essence of the law, and is applicable to moral as well as juridical law. Legal means conformable to the letter or rules of the law as it is administered in the courts; conformable to juridical law. Legal is often used as antithetical to equitable, but lawful is seldom used in that sense.

-- Law"ful*ly, adv. -- Law"ful*ness, n. [ 1913 Webster ]