{ ‖‖ } n. [ Written also bahawder. ] [ Hind. bahādur hero, champion. ] A title of respect or honor given to European officers in East Indian state papers, and colloquially, and among the natives, to distinguished officials and other important personages. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. See Shad. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To free from shadow or shade. [ Obs. ] G. Fletcher. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To double the natural darkness of (a place). Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a cosmetic powder or cream of a dark tint, applied on the eyelids or just under the eyebrows to accentuate the eyes. Compare eyeliner. [ PJC ]

[ See Haddock. ] Haddock cured in peat smoke, originally at Findon (pron. f&ibreve_;n"&aitalic_;n), Scotland. The name is also applied to other kinds of smoked haddock. [Written also finnan haddock.] [1913 Webster]

v. t. To shadow or typi&unr_;y beforehand; to prefigure. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

imp. & p. p. of Have. [ OE. had, hafde, hefde, AS. hæfde. ] See Have. [ 1913 Webster ]

Had as lief,
Had rather,
Had better,
Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better. [ 1913 Webster ]

And lever me is be pore and trewe.
[ And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true. ] C. Mundi (Trans.). [ 1913 Webster ]

Him had been lever to be syke.
[ To him it had been preferable to be sick. ] Fabian. [ 1913 Webster ]

For him was lever have at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . .
Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found. [ 1913 Webster ]

Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl. [ 1913 Webster ]

Me rather had my heart might feel your love
Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

I hadde levere than my scherte,
That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

I had as lief not be as live to be
In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

I had rather be a dog and bay the moon,
Than such a Roman. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv. 10. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Heather; heath. [ Obs. ] Burton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) The haddock. [ Scot. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. hadok, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot. ] (Zool.) A marine food fish (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. [ 1913 Webster ]

Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. (Mining) To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. AS. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity. ] 1. The descent of a hill. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Geol. & Mining) The deviation of a fault plane from the vertical.

☞ The direction of the hade is the direction toward which the fault plane descends from an intersecting vertical line. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. [ Gr. "a`,dhs, "A'idhs; 'a priv. + 'idei^n to see. Cf. Un-, Wit. ] The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave. [ 1913 Webster ]

And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver.). [ 1913 Webster ]

Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.). [ 1913 Webster ]

And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi. 23 (Rev. Ver.). [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ Ar. hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage. ] The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Muslims. It is the duty of Moslems to make a journey to Mecca at least once ina lifetime, or if that is not possible, three journeys to one of the alternate sacred sites. [ Also spelled haj and hajj. ] [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

n. [ Ar. hājjī. See Hadj. ] [ Also spelled hajji and haji. ] 1. A Muslim who has made a pilgrimage to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Physics) any elementary particle that interacts strongly with other particles. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. Any member of the genus Hadrosaurus or family Hadrosauridae, an extinct family of heavy bipedal partly aquatic dinosaurs with duck-billed skull and webbed feet; of the Upper Cretaceous in North America.
Syn. -- hadrosaurus. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

prop. n. A natural family of extinct reptiles including the duck-billed dinosaurs.
Syn. -- family Hadrosauridae. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation. [1913 Webster]

a. Clumsy; awkward. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Marked with different shades. W. Browne. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Same as jihad.
Syn. -- jihad. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

{ } n. [ Ar. jihād, struggle. ] (Islam) A religious war against infidels or Muslim heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.

[ Their ] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Muslim dervishes of the Sudan, or of Muslims anywhere engaged in a jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it. James Bryce. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. pl. [ from the older spelling Kamtschatka for Kamchatka. ] (Ethnol.) An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of the Kamchatka peninsula; called also Kamchadals and Itelmen. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

n. a protective ornamental covering used to screen the light bulb in a lamp from direct view. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

‖n. [ NL. See Lymph, and Adenitis. ] (Med.) Inflammation of the lymphatic glands; -- called also lymphitis. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL. See Lymph, Aden-, and -oma. ] (Med.) See Lymphoma. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) A small silvery fish (Decapterus macarellus) found from Nova Scotia to Brazil. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. See Menhaden. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) An American marine fish (Brevoortia tyrannus) of the Herring family (Clupeidae), chiefly valuable for its oil and as a component of fertilizers; -- called also mossbunker, bony fish, chebog, pogy, hardhead, whitefish, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a narcotic drug similar to morphine but less habit-forming; used in treating heroin addiction.
Syn. -- methadone hydrochloride. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ AS. nichtscadu. ] (Bot.) A common name of many species of the genus Solanum, given esp. to the Solanum nigrum, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous. [ 1913 Webster ]

Deadly nightshade. Same as Belladonna (a). --
Enchanter's nightshade. See under Enchanter. --
Stinking nightshade. See Henbane. --
Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ AS. ofersceadwian. See Over, and Shade, and cf. Overshadow. ] To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Overshadowed p. pr. & vb. n. Overshadowing. ] [ Cf. Overshade. ] 1. To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure. [ 1913 Webster ]

There was a cloud that overshadowed them. Mark ix. 7. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Fig.: To cover with a superior influence; to be viewed as more important than. Milton. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

3. To cause to be sad or disappointing; to cast a sad shadow on; as, an accidental death overshadowed the joy of the festival. [ PJC ]

n. One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Overshadowing. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a Rhadamanthine judgment. [ 1913 Webster ]

prop. n. [ L., fr. Gr. &unr_;&unr_;&unr_;. ] (Greek Mythol.) One of the three judges of the infernal regions; figuratively, a strictly just judge. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Shade; shadow. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ English words now beginning with sh, like shade, were formerly often spelled with a c between the s and h; as, schade; schame; schape; schort, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. sing. & pl. [ AS. sceadda a kind of fish, akin to Prov. G. schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a herring, W. ysgadan herrings; all perhaps akin to E. skate a fish. ] (Zool.) Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Alosa sapidissima formerly Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (Alosa alosa formerly Clupea alosa), and the twaite shad (Alosa finta formerly Clupea finta), are less important species. [ Written also chad. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The name is loosely applied, also, to several other fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under Gizzard), called also mud shad, white-eyed shad, and winter shad. [ 1913 Webster ]

Hardboaded shad, or
Yellow-tailed shad, the menhaden. --
Hickory shad, or
Tailor shad, the mattowacca. --
Long-boned shad, one of several species of important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres. --
Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier (Amelanchier Canadensis, and Amelanchier alnifolia). Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called service tree, and Juneberry. --
Shad frog, an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); -- so called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in the rivers. --
Trout shad, the squeteague. --
White shad, the common shad. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Zool.) (a) The American, or Wilson's, snipe. See under Snipe. So called because it appears at the same time as the shad. (b) The common European sandpiper. [ Prov. Eng. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Mining.) Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of the ground, and indicating a vein. Raymond. [ 1913 Webster ]

obs. imp. of Shed. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Said to be so called from a Captain Shaddock, who first brought this fruit from the East Indies. ] (Bot.) A tree (Citrus decumana) and its fruit, which is a large species of orange; -- called also forbidden fruit, and pompelmous. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS. sceadu, scead; akin to OS. skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato, (gen. scatewes), G. schatten, Goth. skadus, Ir. & Gael. sgath, and probably to Gr. sko`tos darkness. √162. Cf. Shadow, Shed a hat. ] 1. Comparative obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the rays of light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of something between the space contemplated and the source of light. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Shade differs from shadow as it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. When we speak of the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its form and extent. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Darkness; obscurity; -- often in the plural. [ 1913 Webster ]

The shades of night were falling fast. Longfellow. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light; hence, a secluded retreat. [ 1913 Webster ]

Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there
Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light or the direct rays of the sun; hence, also, that which protects from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection; shelter; cover; as, a lamp shade. [ 1913 Webster ]

The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand. Ps. cxxi. 5. [ 1913 Webster ]

Sleep under a fresh tree's shade. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading shades of vegetables. J. Philips. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Shadow. [ Poetic. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. The soul after its separation from the body; -- so called because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight, though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the shades of departed heroes. [ 1913 Webster ]

Swift as thought the flitting shade
Thro' air his momentary journey made. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) The darker portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See Def. 1, above. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or lighter, stronger or paler; as, a delicate shade of pink. [ 1913 Webster ]

White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green only in by the eyes. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought, belief, expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything which is distinguished from others similar by slight differences; as, the shades of meaning in synonyms. [ 1913 Webster ]

New shades and combinations of thought. De Quincey. [ 1913 Webster ]

Every shade of religious and political opinion has its own headquarters. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

The Shades, the Nether World; the supposed abode of souls after leaving the body. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shading. ] 1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off illumination from. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

I went to crop the sylvan scenes,
And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen; to hide; as, to shade one's eyes. [ 1913 Webster ]

Ere in our own house I do shade my head. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thou shad'st
The full blaze of thy beams. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. To mark with gradations of light or color. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

[ The goddess ] in her person cunningly did shade
That part of Justice which is Equity. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ See Shade, n. ] To undergo or exhibit minute difference or variation, as of color, meaning, expression, etc.; to pass by slight changes; -- used chiefly with a preposition, as into, away, off.

This small group will be most conveniently treated with the emotional division, into which it shades. Edmund Gurney. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

a. Full of shade; shady. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Being without shade; not shaded. [ 1913 Webster ]