a. Before birth. Shelley. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F. appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain. ] That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. [ 1913 Webster ]

Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc.
Syn. -- gear, paraphernalia. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance. [ 1913 Webster ]

Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See Appurtenance. ] Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; incident; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. [ 1913 Webster ]

Common appurtenant. (Law) See under Common, n. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. bi- + centenary. ] Of or pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; as, a bicentenary celebration. -- n. The two hundredth anniversary, or its celebration. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n.; pl. Catene [ L., a chain. ] A chain or series of things connected with each other. [ 1913 Webster ]

I have . . . in no case sought to construct those catenæ of games, which it seems now the fashion of commentators to link together. C. J. Ellicott. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ L. catenarius, fr. catena a chain. See Chain. ] Relating to a chain; like a chain; as, a catenary curve. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Catenaries (Geol.) The curve formed by a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility, hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same vertical line. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Catenated; p. pr. & vb. n. Catenating. ] [ L. catenatus, p. p. of catenare, fr. catena chain. See Chain. ] To connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain. E. Darwin. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. catenatio. ] Connection of links or union of parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See Concatenation. Sir T. Browne. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of or relating to a hundred years. -- n. A person a hundred years old. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. centenarius, fr. centum a hundred. ] 1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Occurring once in every hundred years; centennial. “Centenary solemnities.” Fuller. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Centenaries 1. The aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a century. “Every centenary of years.” Hakewill. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which occurred a hundred years before. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Concatenated; p. pr. & vb. n. Concatenating. ] [ L. concatenatus, p. p. of concatenare to concatenate. See Catenate. ] To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one another. [ 1913 Webster ]

This all things friendly will concatenate. Dr. H. More [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. concatenatio. ] A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession. [ 1913 Webster ]

The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable concatenation of causes, reaching even to the illicit acts of man's will. South. [ 1913 Webster ]

A concatenation of explosions. W. Irving. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A tenant in common, or a joint tenant. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. contenance, countenaunce, demeanor, composure, F. contenance demeanor, fr. L. continentia continence, LL. also, demeanor, fr. L. continere to hold together, repress, contain. See Contain, and cf. Continence. ] 1. Appearance or expression of the face; look; aspect; mien. [ 1913 Webster ]

So spake the Son, and into terror changed
His countenance. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The face; the features. [ 1913 Webster ]

In countenance somewhat doth resemble you. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence, favor, good will, support; aid; encouragement. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy countenance. Ps. xxi. 6. [ 1913 Webster ]

This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give countenance to piety and virtue, and to rebuke vice. Atterbury. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Superficial appearance; show; pretense. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The election being done, he made countenance of great discontent thereat. Ascham. [ 1913 Webster ]

In countenance, in an assured condition or aspect; free from shame or dismay. “It puts the learned in countenance, and gives them a place among the fashionable part of mankind.” Addison. --
Out of countenance, not bold or assured; confounded; abashed. “Their best friends were out of countenance, because they found that the imputations . . . were well grounded.” Clarendon. --
To keep the countenance, to preserve a composed or natural look, undisturbed by passion or emotion. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Countenanced p. pr. & vb. n. Countenancing. ] 1. To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet. [ 1913 Webster ]

This conceit, though countenanced by learned men, is not made out either by experience or reason. Sir T. Browne. [ 1913 Webster ]

Error supports custom, custom countenances error. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To make a show of; to pretend. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Which to these ladies love did countenance. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who countenances, favors, or supports. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Discountenanced p. pr. & vb. n. Discountenancing ] [ Pref. dis- + countenance: cf. OF. descontenancer, F. décontenancer. ] 1. To ruffle or discompose the countenance of; to put of countenance; to put to shame; to abash. [ 1913 Webster ]

How would one look from his majestic brow . . .
Discountenance her despised! Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

The hermit was somewhat discountenanced by this observation. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To refuse to countenance, or give the support of one's approval to; to give one's influence against; to restrain by cold treatment; to discourage. [ 1913 Webster ]

A town meeting was convened to discountenance riot. Bancroft. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Unfavorable aspect; unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation; whatever tends to check or discourage. [ 1913 Webster ]

He thought a little discountenance on those persons would suppress that spirit. Clarendon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who discountenances; one who disfavors. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. An informal social gathering or concert featuring mostly folk songs, sometimes dancing, and where the audience often participates in the singing. [ PJC ]

2. Same as whatchamacallit; a thingumbob. [ Obsolescent, chiefly dial. ] [ PJC ]

n. [ LL. incatenatio; L. pref. in- in + catena chain. See Enchain. ] The act of linking together; enchaining. [ R. ] Goldsmith. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. in- not + tenable: cf. F. intenable. ] Incapable of being held; untenable; not defensible; as, an intenable opinion; an intenable fortress. [ Obs. ] Bp. Warburton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The body of lieutenants or subordinates. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The list of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., fr. lieu place + tenant holding, p. pr. of tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Lieu, and Tenant, and cf. Locum tenens. ] 1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty. [ 1913 Webster ]

The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God. Abp. Bramhall. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain. (b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander. (c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Lieutenant is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant-general; lieutenant colonel, or lieutenant-colonel; lieutenant governor, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

Deputy lieutenant, the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county. [ Eng. ] --
Lieutenant colonel, an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel. --
Lieutenant commander, an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant. --
Lieutenant general. See in Vocabulary. --
Lieutenant governor. (a) An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor. [ U. S. ] (b) A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. [ Eng. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>n. An army officer in rank next below a general and next above a major general. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ In the United States, before the civil war, this rank had been conferred only on George Washington and (in brevet) on Winfield Scott. In 1864 it was revived by Congress and conferred on Ulysses S. Grant, and subsequently, by promotion, on William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan, each of whom was advanced to the rank of general of the army. When Sheridan was made general (in 1888) the rank of lieutenant general was suffered to lapse. See General. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. See Lieutenancy. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Same as Lieutenancy, 1. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. maintenance. See Maintain. ] 1. The act of maintaining; sustenance; support; defense; vindication. [ 1913 Webster ]

Whatsoever is granted to the church for God's honor and the maintenance of his service, is granted to God. South. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which maintains or supports; means of sustenance; supply of necessaries and conveniences. [ 1913 Webster ]

Those of better fortune not making learning their maintenance. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Crim. Law) An officious or unlawful intermeddling in a cause depending between others, by assisting either party with money or means to carry it on. See Champerty. Wharton. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Those actions required for the care of machinery, a building, etc., to keep it clean and in proper functioning condition, and to prevent or forestall damage due to normal use. [ PJC ]

5. Payments, such as child support or alimony, to a dependent child not living with one or to a divorced wife. [ PJC ]

Cap of maintenance. See under Cap. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A worker, usually in an enterprise or apartment building, whose job is to repair damaged parts of a building or its fixtures, and sometimes to make improvements or other changes to the building. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. Those persons in a business responsible for maintaining the physical plant in good condition.
Syn. -- service staff, maintenance crew. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. Mountance. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ LL. ] (Eccl.) A paten. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ Cf. Pg. patena a paten. ] A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Abbrev. fr. appurtenance. ] That which pertains or belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal. [ Obs. ] “ The purtenaunces of purgatory.” Piers Plowman. [ 1913 Webster ]

Roast [ it ] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the purtenance [ Rev. Ver., inwards ] thereof. Ex. xii. 9. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. septenairus, from septeni seven each, septem seven: cf. F. septénaire. See Seven. ] 1. Consisting of, or relating to, seven; as, a septenary number. I. Watts. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Lasting seven years; continuing seven years. “Septenary penance.” Fuller. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The number seven. [ R. ] Holinshed. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. septeni seven each. ] (Bot.) Having parts in sevens; heptamerous. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Pref. sub + lieutenant: cf. F. sous-lieutenant. ] An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a commissioned officer of the lowest rank. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Law) One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a tenant; an undertenant. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: cf. L. sustenentia endurance. See Sustain. ] 1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. “A man of little sustenance.” Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality or state of being tenable; tenableness. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ F. tenable, fr. tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Thin, and cf. Continue, Continent, Entertain, Maintain, Tenant, Tent. ] Capable of being held, maintained, or defended, as against an assailant or objector, or against attempts to take or process; as, a tenable fortress, a tenable argument. [ 1913 Webster ]

If you have hitherto concealed his sight,
Let it be tenable in your silence still. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

I would be the last man in the world to give up his cause when it was tenable. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Same as Tenability. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. tenace tenacious, demeurer tenace to hold the best and third best cards and take both tricks, the adversary having to lead. See Tenacious. ] (Whist) The holding by the fourth hand of the best and third best cards of a suit led; also, sometimes, the combination of best with third best card of a suit in any hand. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. tenax, -acis, from tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Tenace. ] 1. Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain what is in possession; as, men tenacious of their just rights. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Apt to retain; retentive; as, a tenacious memory. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Having parts apt to adhere to each other; cohesive; tough; as, steel is a tenacious metal; tar is more tenacious than oil. Sir I. Newton. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Apt to adhere to another substance; glutinous; viscous; sticking; adhesive. “Female feet, too weak to struggle with tenacious clay.” Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Niggardly; closefisted; miserly. Ainsworth. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. Holding stoutly to one's opinion or purpose; obstinate; stubborn. [ 1913 Webster ]

-- Te*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Te*na"cious*ness, n. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. tenacitas: cf. F. ténacité. See Tenacious. ] 1. The quality or state of being tenacious; as, tenacity, or retentiveness, of memory; tenacity, or persistency, of purpose. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting without considerable force; cohesiveness; the effect of attraction; -- as distinguished from brittleness, fragility, mobility, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. That quality of bodies which makes them adhere to other bodies; adhesiveness; viscosity. Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Physics) The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without tearing asunder, -- usually expressed with reference to a unit area of the cross section of the substance, as the number of pounds per square inch, or kilograms per square centimeter, necessary to produce rupture. [ 1913 Webster ]